基于DEM的莱州湾南岸典型水系河间地提取及区域地貌演化研究     

杜国云 《第四纪研究》2015,35(2)

以SRTM3-DEM为数据源,在ArcGIS支持下,采用水文分析以及DEM分析数据与地质图、卫星图像和地形图区域数据综合对比分析,结合实地调查及前人研究成果,对莱州湾南岸的弥河、白浪河、潍河3条典型河流河网河间地的提取进行了研究,并对不同流域河间地比率的空间关系、流域地貌侵蚀对比与区域变化、全新世河型及河型转换以及区域地貌发展阶段进行了研究.通过DEM的水文分析、河网提取、河间地制图,得到了每条河流、每种累积流量取值下河网中的河间地,从而提出了快速提取河间地的一种新方法.区域空间上,河间地比率自西向东存在弱的增大变化.流域侵蚀综合分析表明:3条河流曾明显下切,即西部的弥河以单河道截切式下切;中部的白浪河以拓展式下切;东部的潍河呈嵌入式下切.表明西部侵蚀下切幅度大于东部(西部河流侵蚀速度快于东部),从而印证了河间地比率西小、东大的空间变化.对古河型(/河网)分析表明,全新世以来有网状河、扇状分汉河、汇聚型河、顺直河和曲流河5种河型.河型转换受控于气候变化、基准面下降和不均衡的构造抬升.将研究区全新世的河流地貌演化分为全新世早阶段、全新世中期早阶段、全新世中期晚阶段、全新世晚期早阶段和全新世晚期晚阶段5个阶段.  相似文献   

渤海湾西岸全新世海面变化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李建芬  商志文  王福  陈永胜  田立柱  姜兴钰  王宏 《第四纪研究》2015,35(2)

在讨论海面标志点基本定义的基础上,从渤海湾西岸534个原始数据中获得了136个指示高水位、潮间带或低水位的海面变化标志点,并重建了它们的相对海平面时空分布,进而获得了渤海湾西岸全新世相对海平面变化带.约10cal.ka B.P.时,相对海平面变化带达到-25m,以约6m/1000a(即约6mm/a)的平均速率上升,在6cal.ka B.P.前后达到现代海面的高度;6cal.ka B.P.至今,变化带的高度介于+1m～-2m之间,未发现中全新世相对高海面.再搬运海相贝类和陆相泥炭类样品的14C年龄,分别存在约600年和660年的驻留时间.经过驻留时间校正的新海面变化年代学序列,将渤海湾相对海平面达到现代高度的时间点确定为约6cal.ka B.P.,从而与全球海面变化的对比更为准确.渤海湾盆地的长期稳定下沉和沉积自重压实的共同作用,可能抵消了冰川均衡调整(GIA)引起的中全新世数米高的相对高海面.  相似文献   

三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Yu  Zhu Gengrui 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):791-801

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.  相似文献   

The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates     

Huang Sijing  Li Xiaoning  Wu Wenhui  Zhang Meng  Hu Zuowei  Liu Sibing  Huang Keke  Zhong Yijiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1185-1197

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献   

Prediction of Seafloors Polymetallic Sulphides Resources in the North Atlantic Ridge Area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fang Jie  Sun Jingwen  Xu Hongqing  Ye Jinhua  Chen Jianping  Ren Mengyi  Tangchao 《地球科学进展》2015,30(1):60-68

  相似文献   

某铅锌尾矿库对地下水环境影响及防治措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任旭 《地下水》2015,(2)

铅锌尾矿的浸出液中含有重金属等对地下水环境有重要影响的污染因子。利用地下水数值模拟专业软件GMS,结合研究区水文地质条件,对不同工况下地下水环境的影响程度及范围进行模拟计算。结果表明,达到Ⅱ类工业固体废弃物处置场规定的防渗要求条件下,尾矿库运行浸出液下渗量有限(2.8 m3/d),并不会使区域地下水超出《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类标准,而防渗层仅出现10%破损时,浸出液下渗量为(97.22 m3/d),使地下水下游方向50 m内地下水中Pb超出Ⅲ类标准,超标范围约0.0375 km2。反映出该类处置场中的防渗措施是对地下水环境保护的重要保证。  相似文献   

青龙县某铁矿矿区水文地质特征分析及矿坑涌水量预测     

回广荣  任改娟  程建雄 《地下水》2015,(2)

从区域水文地质、矿区水文地质两方面分析了矿区的水文地质特征,确定该矿区水文地质条件为简单,主要含水层(带)为第四系含水层、基岩风化裂隙含水带、构造破碎裂隙含水带。通过对矿床充水因素和矿坑边界条件的分析,提出利用承压水完整井结合大井法的计算方法,预测矿坑涌水量为9 283.6 m3/d,为后续矿山露采转地下开采提供依据。  相似文献   

PHREEQC在济南泉水来源判别中的应用与效果     

徐衍兰  高宗军  李佳佳 《地下水》2015,(1):4-5

为验证济南泉域的泉水来源,选取趵突泉周围13个取样点岩溶水中的微量元素Ba和Sr,运用PHREEQC软件对这两种元素进行不同比例的混合。结果表明,济南南部山区、东郊、西郊等处的岩溶水都对趵突泉泉水有不同程度的贡献,并首次试算出各个方向来水比例。这从水化学的角度说明,趵突泉水的来源是多源的。  相似文献   

广西罗城岩溶地下水资源量分析与评价     

石树静 《地下水》2015,(4)

根据广西罗城县的地质条件、岩溶发育特征、含水介质、赋存及水动力等条件,划分其岩溶地下水系统。结合含水层富水性,分别采用降水入渗系数法、容积法和枯季径流模数法对罗城县地下水天然补给量、地下水储存资源量和可开采资源量进行评价。结果表明全区地下水多年平均天然补给量34 189.75万m3/a,其中岩溶地下水多年平均天然补给量34 083.32万m3/a,全区岩溶地下水储存量为116 584.25万m3/a;可开采资源量为7125.67万m3/a。研究结果可为广西罗城县岩溶地下水的开发利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

山东招远九曲金矿床成矿流体地球化学特征     

丛智超  孙丰月  王力  杨桂彬 《世界地质》2015,34(2):362-371

九曲金矿位于招远—平度成矿带内,地处胶东金矿集中区的西北部。矿区内出露的岩浆岩为黑云母二长花岗岩、浅色细粒花岗岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩,矿体受断裂构造控制,属石英脉型金矿床。矿化分为四个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段、黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,矿体中含金石英脉发育含CO2三相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、气液两相包裹体(Ⅱ型)和纯CO2包裹体(Ⅲ型)3种类型。成矿流体具有由早阶段到晚阶段,温度从中高温(301℃~365℃)到中低温(200℃~256℃)逐渐降低,CO2从富到贫逐渐减少,整体上具有低盐度(3.53%~10.74%Na Cleqv)和低密度(0.55~0.96 g·cm-3)的特点,成矿压力为75~129 MPa,成矿深度为7.04~9.46 km,成分以CO2、H2O为主。δD=-51×10-3~-64.2×10-3,δ18O水=0.9×10-3~7.1×10-3。笔者认为成矿流体以地幔流体为主,后期有大气降水参与;δ34S变化范围为6.4×10-3~7.4×10-3,显示成矿物质为深源含矿岩浆,上涌过程中与赋矿围岩发生重熔。矿床属幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。  相似文献